SecPod

Learn Search

Search across all Learn content

← Back to Security Research
ESXiArgs Ransomware Actively Targeting Vulnerable Unpatched VMware ESXi Servers. Patch Now!

ESXiArgs Ransomware Actively Targeting Vulnerable Unpatched VMware ESXi Servers. Patch Now!

A new ESXiArgs ransomware is actively targeting VMware ESXi servers that are unpatched against a two-year-old remote code execution vulnerability known as CVE-2021-21974. The vulnerability originates from a heap overflow problem within the OpenSLP service, leaving it open to exploitation by attacker...

Feb 8, 2023By Gururaj Otageri4 min read

A new ESXiArgs ransomware is actively targeting VMware ESXi servers that are unpatched against a two-year-old remote code execution vulnerability known as CVE-2021-21974. The vulnerability originates from a heap overflow problem within the OpenSLP service, leaving it open to exploitation by attackers who do not require authentication. The ESXiArgs ransomware infects ESXi servers and also encrypts files with extensions such as .vmxf, .nvram, .vmx, .vmdk, .vmsd, and generating a separate .args file containing metadata for each encrypted file. To avoid these sorts of attacks, installing a vulnerability management tool to protect your IT infrastructure is essential.

The ransomware has been found to attack ESXi hypervisors in versions 6. x and before 6.7. To guard against such attacks, administrators should install the available patch and deactivate the susceptible Service Location Protocol (SLP) service on ESXi hypervisors that have not yet undergone updating. Vulnerability Management system can resolve these issues.

Affected Products from ESXiArgs Ransomware

  • ESXi versions 7.x prior to ESXi70U1c-17325551
  • ESXi versions 6.7.x prior to ESXi670-202102401-SG
  • ESXi versions 6.5.x prior to ESXi650-202102101-SG

ESXiArgs ransomware

A new ransomware campaign has emerged, targeting ESXi servers and encrypting files with the extensions .vmxf, .vmx, .vmdk, .vmsd, and .nvram. The ransomware creates an encrypted document a .args file for each with metadata likely needed for decryption. The threat actors behind the attack claim to have stolen data, but some victims have reported that they did not infiltrate any data.Many individuals who have fallen victim to these attacks have discovered ransom notes with the names “ransom.html” and also “How to Restore Your Files.html” on their encrypted systems. Some victims have reported that the ransom notes are plaintext files.Investigations of the attack have shown that the ransom notes do not appear to be related to the Nevada Ransomware. They appear from a new ransomware family.The ESXiArgs Ransomware breaches the server and deposits the following files in the /tmp directory:

  • encrypt – The encryptor ELF executable.
  • encrypt.sh – A shell script that acts as the logic for the attack, performing various tasks before executing the encryptor.
  • public.pem – A public RSA key used to encrypt the key that encrypts a file.
  • motd – We will copy the ransom note in text form to /etc/motd to show it on login. We will also copy the server’s original file to /etc/motd1.
  • index.html – The ransom note in HTML form that will replace VMware ESXi’s home page. The program will copy the server’s original file to index1.html in the same folder.

A shell script file initiates the encryption process by running it with several command line parameters, including the public RSA key file, the file to be encrypted, the segments of data that will remain unencrypted, the size of an encryption block, and the size of the file.

Encryptor

Once you start encrypt.sh, the script will modify the configuration files (.vmx) of the ESXi virtual machine by changing the strings ‘.vmdk’ and ‘.vswp’ to ‘1.vmdk’ and ‘1.vswp’.

The script then terminates all running virtual machines by force-terminating (kill -9) all processes containing the string ‘vmx‘

Then the script gets a list of all ESXi volumes and searches for .vmdk, .vmx, .vmfx, .nvram .. etcFor each found file, the script will create a [file_name].args file in the same folder, which contains the computed and file sizes.

The script will then use the ‘encrypt’ executable to encrypt the files based on the computed parameters.

After the encryption, the script will replace the ESXi index.html file and the server’s motd file with the ransom notes.

Finally, the script performs cleanup activities like deleting logs, removing a Python backdoor installed, and modifying multiple files. The script updates configuration files and starts SSH at the end.

Administrators need to deactivate the vulnerable Service Location Protocol (SLP) service on ESXi hypervisors that require an update to prevent incoming assaults like ESXiArgs Ransomware.

SanerNow Network Scanner detects this vulnerability. Use SanerNow and keep your systems updated and secure.

Featured Posts

Open Gorbag Targets Ukrainian Organizations with BeautyStealer and WinRAR Exploitation
malware researchGorbag Targets Ukrainian Organizations with BeautyStealer and WinRAR Exploitation

CVE Research

Gorbag Targets Ukrainian Organizations with BeautyStealer and WinRAR Exploitation

Gorbag uses spearphishing and weaponized WinRAR archives to deploy BeautyStealer against Ukrainian organizations. The malware steals browser credentials, VPN configuration files, and targeted documents before exfiltrating the data and deleting itself.

Nov 5, 2026

Open Synology NAS Under Siege: C3RB3R Ransomware Strikes Unpatched Devices
vulnerability researchSynology NAS Under Siege: C3RB3R Ransomware Strikes Unpatched Devices

CVE Research

Synology NAS Under Siege: C3RB3R Ransomware Strikes Unpatched Devices

Synology has warned customers about an ongoing wave of ransomware attacks targeting network-attached storage (NAS) devices running outdated versions of DiskStation Manager (DSM). The attacks have been associated with C3RB3R ransomware, a threat capable of encrypting stored files and demanding payment for their recovery.

Nov 4, 2026

Open NetamLoader Malware Targets Asian Government Windows 10 Systems Through Advanced .NET Injection
malware researchNetamLoader Malware Targets Asian Government Windows 10 Systems Through Advanced .NET Injection

CVE Research

NetamLoader Malware Targets Asian Government Windows 10 Systems Through Advanced .NET Injection

NetamLoader is a multi-stage .NET malware loader targeting customized Windows 10 systems used by Asian government organizations. Discover its AppDomainManager injection techniques, XAML-based execution, AMSI bypass, encrypted command-and-control communications, indicators of compromise, and mitigation strategies.

Nov 2, 2026

Open Agentic AI in the Wild: How AI-Driven Attacks Are Changing Vulnerability Management
Agentic AI in the Wild: How AI-Driven Attacks Are Changing Vulnerability Management

CVE Research

Agentic AI in the Wild: How AI-Driven Attacks Are Changing Vulnerability Management

Oct 30, 2026