A critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-65998, has been discovered in Apache Syncope, a widely-used open-source identity management system, potentially exposing sensitive password information. This flaw highlights the risks associated with hard-coded encryption keys and the importance of proper key management practices.
Root Cause
The vulnerability lies in how Apache Syncope handles AES encryption for storing user passwords in its internal database. When AES encryption is enabled, the system uses a hard-coded key directly embedded in the source code. This means that if an attacker gains access to the internal database, they can easily decrypt the stored password values and recover them in plaintext.
Affected Products
The vulnerability impacts the following versions of Apache Syncope:
- Apache Syncope 2.1 through 2.1.14
- Apache Syncope 3.0 through 3.0.14
- Apache Syncope 4.0 through 4.0.2
Impact & Exploit Potential
Successful exploitation of CVE-2025-65998 can have severe consequences. An attacker who gains access to the internal database can decrypt all passwords encrypted with the default AES key, compromising user credentials. This can lead to:
- Unauthorized account logins
- Privilege escalation
- Lateral movement within the network
Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs)
Attackers exploiting this vulnerability may employ the following tactics and techniques:
- TA0006 – Credential Access: Attackers seek to obtain user credentials to gain unauthorized access to systems and data.
- TA0004 – Privilege Escalation: Exploiting vulnerabilities to gain higher-level permissions.
- TA0008 – Lateral Movement: Attackers move through the network to access additional systems and data.
- T1081 – Credentials in Files: Attackers search for credentials stored in files.
- T1068 – Exploitation for Privilege Escalation: Attackers leverage exploits to elevate their privileges.
Mitigation & Recommendations
To mitigate the risk posed by CVE-2025-65998, administrators should take the following steps:
- Upgrade Apache Syncope: Update to versions 3.0.15 or 4.0.3, which replace the hard-coded AES key with a more secure key management process.
- Strengthen Key Management Practices: Avoid using hard-coded keys and implement robust key management practices.
- Review Deployments: Promptly review all Apache Syncope deployments to identify and remediate vulnerable systems.
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